什么是心包炎?

心包炎 is inflammation of the pericardium, a sac-like structure with two thin layers of tissue that surround the heart to hold it in place and help protect it from damage from infection and malignancy. A small amount of fluid keeps the layers separate so there’s less friction between them as the heart beats.

一个共同的 症状 心包炎的 胸部疼痛, caused by the sac’s layers becoming inflamed and possibly rubbing against the heart. Chest pain from pericarditis can come on suddenly. It is often in the middle or left side of the chest, and there may be pain in one or both shoulders. Unlike pain from a 心脏病, 胸部疼痛 from pericarditis is usually a sharp, stabbing pain.

If you have 胸部疼痛, call 911 right away because you may be having a 心脏病. 了解 warning signs for a 心脏病.

概述

心包炎 can be attributed to several factors, 包括病毒, 细菌, fungal and other infections. Other possible causes of pericarditis include 心脏病 or 心脏手术, radiation, other medical conditions, such as lung or breast cancer, injuries and medications.

心包炎 can be acute, meaning it happens suddenly and typically doesn’t last long. Or the condition may be "chronic," meaning that it lasts for longer than three months and may take longer to treat.

Both types of pericarditis can disrupt your heart’s normal function. In rare cases, pericarditis can have very serious consequences.

前景

心包炎 is frequently mild and may clear up on its own with rest or simple 治疗. 有时，更激烈 治疗 is needed to prevent complications.

Recovery time from pericarditis may vary depending on the type of condition, the cause and the patient’s health. Consultation with a health care professional can determine this.

心包炎的类型

• Acute pericarditis ‒ 症状s last less than four to six weeks.
• Incessant pericarditis ‒ 症状s last more than four to six weeks but less than three months despite therapy.
• Chronic pericarditis ‒  症状s last for more than three months.
• 复发性心包炎 ‒ when pericarditis develops for a second time after having no 症状s for at least four weeks.

心包炎的原因

The cause 心包炎的 often unknown, though viral infections are a common reason.

Chronic and recurrent pericarditis may be caused by autoimmune disorders such as lupus, scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis. These are disorders in which the body’s immune system makes antibodies that mistakenly attack the body’s tissues or cells.

Other possible causes of pericarditis are:

• Heart attack and 心脏手术
• Kidney failure, HIV/AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis and other health problems
• Injuries from accidents or radiation therapy
• Certain medicines, such as phenytoin (an anti-seizure medicine), warfarin and heparin (both 血液稀释药物)和普鲁卡因胺(a medicine to treat irregular heartbeats)

Who is at risk for pericarditis?

心包炎 affects people of all ages, but men ages 16 to 65 are more likely to develop it.

Among those treated for acute pericarditis, 15% to 30% may experience the condition again if not treated with the medication colchicine.